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United States President Joe Biden has joined United Auto Workers strikers on their picket line as their work stoppage against major carmakers hit day 12, a demonstration of support for organised labour apparently unparalleled in presidential history.
"You deserve the significant raise you need," Biden said through a bullhorn while wearing a union baseball cap after arriving at a General Motors parts distribution warehouse located in a suburb west of Detroit.
He walked along the picket line, exchanging fist bumps with grinning workers.
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He encouraged them to continue fighting for better wages despite concerns that a prolonged strike could damage the economy, saying "stick with it".
He said "yes" when asked if UAW members deserved a 40 per cent raise, one of the demands that the union has made.
"No deal, no wheels!" workers chanted as Biden arrived.
"No pay, no parts!"
He was joined by UAW president Shawn Fain, who rode with him in the presidential limousine to the picket line.
"Thank you, Mr President, for coming to stand up with us in our generation-defining moment," said Fain, who described the union as engaged in a "kind of war" against "corporate greed".
"We do the heavy lifting. We do the real work," Fein said.
"Not the CEOs."
Labour historians say they cannot recall an instance when a sitting president has joined an ongoing strike, even during the tenures of the more ardent pro-union presidents such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry Truman.
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Theodore Roosevelt invited labour leaders alongside mine operators to the White House amid a historic coal strike in 1902, a decision that was seen at the time as a rare embrace of unions as Roosevelt tried to resolve the dispute.
Biden arrived one day before former President Donald Trump, the front-runner for the 2024 Republican nomination, goes to Detroit to hold his own event in an attempt to woo auto workers even though union leaders say he's no ally.
Lawmakers often appear at strikes to show solidarity with unions, and Biden joined picket lines with casino workers in Las Vegas and auto workers in Kansas City while seeking the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination.
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But sitting presidents, who have to balance the rights of workers with disruptions to the economy, supply chains and other facets of everyday life, have long wanted to stay out of the strike fray — until Biden.
"This is absolutely unprecedented. No president has ever walked a picket line before," said Erik Loomis, a professor at the University of Rhode Island and an expert on US labour history.
Presidents historically "avoided direct participation in strikes".
"They saw themselves more as mediators. They did not see it as their place to directly intervene in a strike or in labor action," he said.
White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters aboard Air Force One en route to Michigan that "Biden is fighting to ensure that the cars of the future will be built in America by unionised American workers in good-paying jobs, instead of being built in China".
Biden's trip to join a picket line in the suburbs of Detroit is the most significant demonstration of his pro-union bona fides, a record that includes vocal support for unionisation efforts at Amazon.com facilities and executive actions that promoted worker organising.
He also earned a joint endorsement of major unions earlier this year and has avoided southern California for high-dollar fundraisers amid the writers' and actors' strikes in Hollywood.
During the ongoing UAW strike, Biden has argued that the auto companies have not gone far enough, although White House officials have repeatedly declined to say whether the president endorses specific UAW demands such as a 40 per cent hike in wages and full-time pay for a 32-hour work week.
"I think the UAW gave up an incredible amount back when the automobile industry was going under. They gave everything from their pensions on, and they saved the automobile industry," Biden said on Monday from the White House.
He said workers should benefit from carmakers' riches "now that the industry is roaring back".
Biden and other Democrats are more aggressively touting the president's pro-labor credentials at a time when Trump is trying to make inroads in critical swing states where unions remain influential, including Michigan and Pennsylvania.
Biden is leaning on his union support at a time when labor enjoys broad support from the public, with 67 per cent. of Americans approving of labor unions in an August Gallup poll.
The United Farm Workers announced their endorsement of Biden on Tuesday, calling him "an authentic champion for workers and their families, regardless of their race or national origin".
Biden's campaign manager, Julie Chavez Rodriguez, is the granddaughter of Cesar Chavez, the union's co-founder.
The UAW has not endorsed Biden. Asked about that after landing in Michigan, Biden told reporters that "I'm not worried about that".
