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Israeli strikes have pounded Gaza City as ground forces battled Hamas militants near the territory's largest hospital, where health officials say thousands of medics, patients and displaced people are trapped with no electricity and dwindling supplies.
In a televised address on Saturday (Sunday morning AEDT) Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejected growing international calls for a cease-fire unless it includes the release of all the nearly 240 hostages captured by Hamas in the October 7 rampage that triggered the war, saying Israel was bringing its "full force" to the battle.
Israel has vowed to end Hamas' 16-year rule in Gaza and crush its military capabilities, while blaming the militants for the war's heavy toll on the 2.3 million Palestinians trapped in the besieged territory.
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Israel has come under mounting international pressure, even from its closest ally, the United States, as the war enters a sixth week.
A 57-nation gathering of Muslim and Arab leaders in Saudi Arabia on Saturday called for the war to end, and an estimated 300,000 pro-Palestinian protesters marched peacefully through London — the biggest demonstration in the city since the war began.
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Heavy fighting near Shifa hospital
In Gaza City, residents reported heavy airstrikes and shelling overnight into Sunday, including in the area around Shifa Hospital.
Israel, without providing evidence, has accused Hamas of concealing a command post inside and under the hospital compound, allegations denied by Hamas and hospital staff.
"We spent the night in panic waiting for their arrival," said Ahmed al-Boursh, a resident taking shelter in the hospital.
"They are outside, not far from the gates."
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The hospital's last generator ran out of fuel on Saturday, causing the death of a premature baby, another child in an incubator and four other patients, according to the Health Ministry in Hamas-ruled Gaza. It says another 37 babies are at risk of death because there's no electricity.
Health Ministry Undersecretary Munir al-Boursh said Israeli snipers have deployed around Shifa, firing at any movement inside the compound. He said airstrikes had destroyed several homes next to the hospital, killing a doctor, his son and son-in-law.
"There are wounded in the house, and we can't reach them," he told Al Jazeera television in an interview from the hospital.
"We can't stick our heads out of the window."
It was not clear if he was related to the other man with the same surname.
Israel's military said there was a safe corridor for civilians to evacuate from Shifa to southern Gaza. It said troops would assist in moving babies on Sunday, and that it was in contact with hospital staff. It was not possible to independently ascertain the situation in and around the hospital.
The Health Ministry says there are still 1500 patients at Shifa, along with 1500 medical personnel and between 15,000 and 20,000 people seeking shelter. Thousands have fled Shifa and other hospitals, but physicians said it's impossible for everyone to get out.
With Shifa and other hospitals now inaccessible, people sheltering elsewhere in Gaza City said they were cut off from emergency care. Heba Mashlah, who was sheltering at a UN compound along with thousands of families, said a strike late Saturday killed four people and wounded 15.
"The wounded are bleeding, and no one is able to come and help them," she said, adding that the dead were buried inside the compound.
The UN Development Program confirmed one of its compounds was hit. UN agencies have not been able to provide services in the north for weeks.
Netanyahu rejects US post-war vision
Netanyahu has said the responsibility for any harm to civilians lies with Hamas. Israel has long accused the group, which operates in dense residential neighbourhoods, of using civilians as human shields.
The Israeli military said that during a battle in Gaza City, its forces helped clear a corridor for civilians to exit a building before coming under fire. The troops returned fire, killing the militants, it said.
On Saturday, Netanyahu began to outline Israel's post-war plans for Gaza, which contrast sharply with the vision put forth by the United States.
Netanyahu said Gaza would be demilitarised and that Israel would retain security control, with the ability to enter Gaza freely to hunt down militants.
He also rejected the idea that the Palestinian Authority, which currently administers parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank, would at some stage control Gaza. Hamas drove the PA's forces out of Gaza in a week of street battles in 2007.
Secretary of State Antony Blinken has said the US opposes an Israeli reoccupation of Gaza and envisions a unified Palestinian government in both Gaza and the West Bank as a step toward Palestinian statehood. Even before the war, Netanyahu's government was staunchly opposed to Palestinian statehood.
Evacuation windows but no pauses
Israel's allies have defended the country's right to protect itself after the Hamas attack, which killed at least 1200 people, mostly civilians. But now into the second month of war, there are growing differences over how Israel should conduct its fight.
The US has pushed for temporary pauses that would allow for wider distribution of badly needed aid to civilians in the besieged territory where conditions are increasingly dire.
But Israel has only agreed to brief daily periods during which civilians can flee the area of ground combat in northern Gaza and head south on foot along two main north-south roads. Israel is meanwhile striking what it says are militant targets across southern Gaza as well, often killing women and children.
The war has displaced over two-thirds of Gaza's population, with most fleeing south. Egypt has allowed hundreds of foreign passport holders and medical patients to exit through its Rafah crossing.
It has also allowed hundreds of trucks loaded with food and medicine – but no fuel – to enter, but aid workers say it's nowhere near enough to meet the mounting needs.
More than 11,000 Palestinians, two-thirds of them women and minors, have been killed since the war began, according to the Health Ministry in Gaza, which does not differentiate between civilian and militant deaths. About 2700 people have been reported missing and are thought to be trapped or dead under the rubble.
Forty-six Israeli soldiers have been killed in Gaza since the ground offensive began, and Palestinians have continued firing rockets into Israel. Hamas is still holding 239 captives — men, women and children — after releasing four women last month. A fifth captive was rescued by Israeli forces.
About 250,000 Israelis have been forced to evacuate from communities near Gaza and along the northern border with Lebanon, where Israeli forces and Hezbollah militants have traded fire repeatedly.
