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Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Saturday that Israel's war on Hamas in Gaza will continue for "many more months," pushing back against persistent international ceasefire calls after mounting civilian deaths, hunger and mass displacement in the besieged enclave.
Netanyahu thanked the Biden administration for its continued backing, including approval for a new emergency weapons sale, the second this month, and prevention of a UN Security Council resolution seeking an immediate ceasefire.
Israel argues that ending the war now would mean victory for Hamas, a stance shared by the Biden administration, which at the same time urged Israel to do more to avoid harm to Palestinian civilians.
In new fighting, Israeli warplanes struck the urban refugee camps of Nuseirat and Bureij in the center of the territory on Saturday as ground forces pushed deeper into the southern city of Khan Younis.
READ MORE: At least 68 killed in central Gaza airstrike, adding to weekend's bloodshed
The Health Ministry in Gaza said on Saturday that more than 21,600 Palestinians have been killed in Israel's unprecedented air and ground offensive since the deadly October 7 Hamas attack on southern Israel.
The ministry, which does not distinguish between the deaths of civilians and combatants, said 165 Palestinians were killed over the past 24 hours.
It has said about 70 per cent of those killed have been women and children.
The number of Israeli soldiers killed in Gaza combat rose to 170, after the military announced two more deaths on Saturday.
The war has displaced some 85 per cent of Gaza's 2.3 million residents, sending swells of people seeking shelter in Israeli-designated safe areas that the military has nevertheless bombed.
Palestinians are left with a sense that nowhere is safe in the tiny enclave.
READ MORE: Egypt floats plan to end Israel-Hamas war
With Israeli forces expanding their ground offensive this week, tens of thousands more Palestinians streamed into the already crowded city of Rafah at the southernmost end of Gaza.
Thousands of tents and makeshift shacks have sprung up on Rafah's outskirts next to UN warehouses.
Displaced people arrived in Rafah on foot or on trucks and carts piled high with mattresses.
Those who did not find space in overwhelmed shelters pitched tents on roadsides.
"We don't have water. We don't have enough food," Nour Daher, a displaced woman, said on Saturday from the sprawling tent camp.
"The kids wake up in the morning wanting to eat, wanting to drink. It took us one hour to find water for them. We couldn't bring them flour. Even when we wanted to take them to toilets, it took us one hour to walk."
In the Nuseirat camp, resident Mustafa Abu Wawee said a strike hit the home of one of his relatives, killing two people.
"The (Israeli) occupation is doing everything to force people to leave," he said over the phone while helping to search for four people missing under the rubble.
"They want to break our spirit and will, but they will fail. We are here to stay."
More US weapons for Israel
The State Department said on Friday that Secretary of State Antony Blinken told Congress he approved a $216 million ($147.5 million) sale for equipment, including fuses, charges and primers, that is needed for 155 mm shells Israel bought previously.
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It marked the second time this month that the Biden administration is bypassing Congress to approve an emergency weapons sale to Israel.
Blinken made a similar decision on December 9 to approve the sale to Israel of nearly 14,000 rounds of tank ammunition worth more than $155 million ($106 million).
Both moves have come as President Joe Biden's request for a nearly $155b ($106 billion) aid package for Ukraine, Israel and other national security needs remains stalled in Congress, caught up in a debate over US immigration policy and border security.
Some Democratic lawmakers have spoken of making the proposed $20b ($14.3 billion) in American assistance to its Mideast ally contingent on concrete steps by Netanyahu's government to reduce civilian casualties in Gaza during the war with Hamas.
War's timeline
Blinken, who has repeatedly traveled to the Middle East during the war, was expected back in Israel and other countries in the region in January.
US officials have urged Israel to start shifting from high intensity combat to more targeted operations, but said they were not imposing a deadline.
Netanyahu said Israel needs more time.
"As the chief of staff said this week, the war will continue many more months," he told a televised news conference on Saturday.
"My policy is clear. We will continue to fight until we have achieved all the objectives of the war, first and foremost the annihilation of Hamas and the release of all the hostages."
READ MORE: At least 68 killed in central Gaza airstrike
More than 120 hostages remain in Gaza, after militants seized more than 240 in the October 7 assault that also killed some 1,200 people, mostly civilians.
Netanyahu is also at odds with the Biden administration over who should run Gaza after the war.
He has rejected the US-backed idea that a unified Palestinian government should run both Gaza and parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank as a precursor to eventual statehood.
Instead, he has insisted on open-ended Israeli security control in Gaza, without saying what would come next.
Trading for hostages
Families of hostages and their supporters have demanded that the government prioritise hostage releases over other war objectives, and have staged large protests every weekend, including on Saturday.
READ MORE: Bethlehem cancels Christmas celebrations during Israel and Hamas conflict
Egypt, one of the mediators between Israel and Hamas, has proposed a multistage plan that would kick off with a swap of hostages for prisoners, accompanied by a temporary ceasefire — along the lines of an exchange during a weeklong truce in November.
Hamas insists the war must end before it will discuss hostage releases.
Osama Hamdan, a senior Hamas official in Beirut, reiterated that position on Saturday, but also told The Associated Press that "we have not given any final answer so far" to the Egyptian proposal.
Asked about reports of possible progress toward a deal, Netanyahu said Saturday that "we see a possibility, maybe, for movement" but that he did not want to raise "exaggerated expectations".
Difficulties in delivering aid
More than a week after a UN Security Council resolution called for the unhindered delivery of aid at scale across besieged Gaza, conditions have only worsened, UN agencies warned.
READ MORE: UN approves resolution on aid to Gaza without call for ceasefire
Aid officials said the aid entering Gaza remains woefully inadequate.
Distributing goods is hampered by long delays at two border crossings, ongoing fighting, Israeli airstrikes, repeated cuts in internet and phone services and a breakdown of law and order that makes it difficult to secure aid convoys, they said.
Nearly the entire population is fully dependent on outside humanitarian aid, said Philippe Lazzarini, head of UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees.
A quarter of the population is starving because too few trucks enter with food, medicine, fuel and other supplies — sometimes fewer than 100 trucks a day, according to UN daily reports.
