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Florida's Gulf Coast is bracing for the impact of Hurricane Milton's winds and expected massive storm surge, which could bring destruction to areas already reeling from Helene's devastation 12 days ago and still recovering from Ian's wrath two years ago.
Milton was downgraded early on Tuesday (Tuesday evening AEDT) to a Category 4 hurricane, but forecasters said it still posed “an extremely serious threat to Florida.”
Almost the entirety of Florida's west coast was under a hurricane warning early on Tuesday as the storm and its 250km/h winds crept toward the state at 14km/h, sucking energy from the Gulf of Mexico's warm water.
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The strongest Atlantic hurricane on record is 1980's Allen, which reached wind speeds of 306km/h as it moved through the Caribbean and Gulf before striking Texas and Mexico.
Milton had intensified quickly on Monday, becoming a Category 5 storm at midday with maximum sustained winds of 285km/h before being downgraded.
Milton's centre could come ashore on Wednesday in the Tampa Bay region, which has not endured a direct hit by a major hurricane in more than a century.
Scientists expect the system to weaken slightly before landfall, though it could retain hurricane strength as it churns across central Florida toward the Atlantic Ocean.
That would largely spare other states ravaged by Helene, which killed at least 230 people on its path from Florida to the Appalachian Mountains.
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Tampa Bay has not been hit directly by a major hurricane since 1921, and authorities fear luck is about to run out for the region and its 3.3 million residents.
President Joe Biden approved an emergency declaration for Florida, and local representative Kathy Castor said 7000 federal workers were mobilised to help in one of the largest mobilisations of federal personnel in history.
“This is the real deal here with Milton,” Tampa Mayor Jane Castor told a Monday news conference.
“If you want to take on Mother Nature, she wins 100 per cent of the time.”
The Tampa Bay area is still rebounding from Helene and its powerful surge — a wall of water up to 2.4 metres it created even though its eye was 160 kilometres offshore.
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Twelve people died there, with the worst damage along a string of barrier islands from St Petersburg to Clearwater.
Forecasters warned that Milton could bring a possible 2.4- to 3.6-metre storm surge, leading to evacuation orders being issued for beach communities all along the Gulf coast.
In Florida, that means anyone who stays is on their own and first responders are not expected to risk their lives to rescue them at the height of the storm.
Stragglers were a problem during Helene and 2022's Ian.
Many residents failed to heed ample warnings, saying they evacuated during previous storms only to have major surges not materialise.
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But there was evidence on Monday that people were getting out before Milton arrives.
A steady stream of vehicles headed north toward the Florida Panhandle on Interstate 75, the main highway on the west side of the peninsula, as residents heeded evacuation orders.
Traffic clogged the southbound lanes of the highway for miles as other residents headed for the relative safety of Fort Lauderdale and Miami on the other side of the state.
About 240 kilometres south of Tampa, Fort Myers Beach was nearly a ghost town by Monday afternoon as an evacuation order took effect.
Ian devastated the 5000-resident community two years ago, its 4.5-metre storm surge destroying or severely damaging 400 homes and businesses.
Fourteen people died there as they tried to ride out the storm, and dozens had to be rescued.
On Monday, the few residents who could be found were racing against the clock to safeguard their buildings and belongings.
None said they were staying.
The signs of Ian's devastation remain visible everywhere. Rebuilt homes stand next to others in various states of construction.
There are numerous vacant lots, which were once rare.
“This whole street used to be filled out with houses,” said Mike Sandell, owner of Pool-Rific Services.
His workers were removing and storing pumps and heaters from his clients' pools so they wouldn't get destroyed.
Home construction supplies like bricks, piping and even workers' outhouses lined the streets, potential projectiles that could do further damage if a surge hits.
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At the beach on Monday afternoon, workers busily emptied the triple-wide trailer that houses The Goodz, a combined hardware, convenience, fishing supply, ice cream and beach goods store.
Owner Graham Belger said he moved his “Your Island Everything Store” into the trailer after Ian destroyed his permanent building across the street.
“We’ll rebuild, but it is going to be bad," he said.
Nearby, Don Girard and his son Dominic worked to batten down the family’s three-story combination rental and vacation home that’s about 30.5 metres from the water.
Its first-floor garage and entranceway were flooded by Helene last month, Hurricane Debby in August, and a tide brought by a recent supermoon.
Ian was by far the worst.
Its waves crashed into the 14-year-old home’s second floor, destroying the flooring. Girard repaired the damage, and his aqua-blue and white home stands in contrast to the older, single-story house across the street.
It was submerged by Ian, never repaired and remains vacant. Its once-off-white walls are now tinged with brown.
Plywood covers the holes that once contained windows and doors.
Girard, who owns a banner and flag company in Texas, said that while his feelings about owning his home are mostly positive, they are becoming mixed.
He said every December, his extended family gathers there for the holidays. At that time of year, temperatures in southwest Florida are usually in the low 20s Celsius with little rain or humidity.
The area and its beaches fill with tourists.
“At Christmas, there is no better place in the world,” Girard said.
But flooding from Ian, the other storms and now Milton is leaving him frustrated.
“It’s been difficult, I’m not going to lie to you," Girard said.
“The last couple years have been pretty bad.”
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