For much of the 21st century, one theory has dominated research efforts to cure Alzheimer’s disease: the amyloid hypothesis. Beta-amyloid is a protein that builds up in clumps, or plaques, in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease and is linked to their cognitive decline.
But in recent years, despite the emergence of a couple of new drugs targeting these plaques, some scientists have begun to doubt the amyloid hypothesis. Don Weaver, a professor of chemistry at the University of Toronto in Canada, is one of them.
In this episode of The Conversation Weekly podcast, Weaver tells us about shifts in the understanding of Alzheimer’s during his career of more than 30 years, and what theories are now emerging about what might cause the disease and how to treat it.
Weaver no longer believes there will be one magic bullet drug found to cure Alzheimer’s disease. Instead, he advocates for a magic shotgun approach that is likely to involve multiple ways of treating the problem, including starting much earlier in a person’s life.
Listen to our conversation with Donald Weaver on The Conversation Weekly podcast.
This episode of The Conversation Weekly was written and produced by Katie Flood with production assistance from Mend Mariwany. It’s hosted by Gemma Ware, who is also the executive producer. Mixing and sound design by Eloise Stevens and theme music by Neeta Sarl.
Listen to The Conversation Weekly via any of the apps listed above, download it directly via our RSS feed or find out how else to listen here. A transcript of this episode is available on Apple Podcasts.
Donald Weaver receives funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Krembil Foundation. He co-founded Neurochem Inc., and was an inventor of tramiprosate, one of the first drugs targeting beta-amyloid to enter human clinical trials. He co-founded and is currently the chief medical officer of Treventis Corp., a company focussed on developing small molecule therapeutics.
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<img src="https://www.mtlblog.com/media-library/montreal-skyline.jpg?id=55321888&width=2000&height=1500&coordinates=210%2C0%2C210%2C0"/><br/><br/><p>If you've been feeling like living in Montreal has become more of a challenge lately, you're not imagining it.</p><p> The Globe and Mail just released its second annual ranking of <a href="https://www.mtlblog.com/best-cities-in-canada-work-life-balance-2024" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Canada's most livable cities</a>, and Montreal has taken a serious tumble.
</p><p> While we're no strangers to heated debates about how Montreal stacks up against the <a href="https://www.mtlblog.com/world-best-cities-montreal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">best cities in Canada</a>, this year's results have given us plenty to chew on.
</p><p>That's right — the city often celebrated as a cultural hub and <a href="https://www.mtlblog.com/montreal-best-places-to-travel-2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">international destination</a> didn't even crack the top 150 in Canada. For 2024, Montreal now sits at a disappointing #171, after plummeting 29 spots from last year's already low rank of #142.</p><p> The <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/article-most-livable-cities-canada-2024/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ranking</a> evaluated 448 communities across Canada using 50 variables across 10 categories the Globe deemed crucial when considering moving to a city — things like health care, education, local economy, housing, safety and amenities.
</p><p> This year, new metrics were added, including long-term climate change impacts and the availability of museums and galleries, with the goal of painting a more detailed picture of what makes a city desirable beyond just affordability.
</p><p> It's worth noting that the ranking looked at municipalities rather than metropolitan areas or census divisions. Therefore, suburbs and neighbouring cities within Greater Montreal — including enclaves like Mount Royal and Westmount — are all ranked individually. And most of them outshine the city itself.
</p><p> For instance, Mount Royal ranked in lofty 18th place — the highest-ranking spot in Quebec — while Westmount came in at a respectable #34. Meanwhile, West Island suburbs like Kirkland (#103), Beaconsfield (#107) and Pointe-Claire (#118) also ranked way higher than Montreal.
</p><p> This fragmented approach could partly explain why the City of Montreal struggles to compete against big cities like Toronto, whose wealthier suburbs like North York and Etobicoke are part of the larger municipality.
</p><p> Other Greater Montreal municipalities that outranked the city itself include Boucherville (#38), Rosemère (#45), La Prairie (#58) and Laval (#69). </p><p>Meanwhile, the province's other bigger cities like Quebec City (#46), Lévis (#57) and Gatineau (#121) also ranked much higher than Montreal, despite our strengths in education (#4 in Canada) and amenities (#9). Dismal scores in climate (#425), economy (#433), and safety (#445 — yes, out of 448) pushed the city down the rankings.
</p><p> Nationally, the top three cities were all in B.C.: North Vancouver, West Vancouver and Victoria. Vancouver proper ranked a respectable 12th, and Toronto ranked at #82 — not much to write home about, but then again, who are we to judge?</p><p>Here are the top 10 most livable cities in Canada for 2024, according to the Globe and Mail:</p><ol><li>North Vancouver, B.C.</li><li>West Vancouver, B.C.</li><li>Victoria, B.C.</li><li>Winnipeg, Manitoba</li><li>Regina, Saskatchewan</li><li>Saskatoon, Saskatchewan</li><li>Calgary, Alberta</li><li>Pitt Meadows, B.C.</li><li>Penticton, B.C.</li><li>Oakville, Ontario</li></ol><p><span></span>For a city that has so much going for it, it stings to see Montreal lagging so far behind. But if there's one thing Montrealers excel at, it's turning setbacks into motivation. </p><p>Could 2025 see a comeback? Only time — and perhaps a bit of collaboration across the island — will tell.</p><p><em>Love this? Check out our <a href="https://www.mtlblog.com/notices/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MTL Blog noticeboard</a> for details on jobs, benefits, travel info and more!</em>
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<em>AI tools may have been used to support the creation or distribution of this content; however, it has been carefully edited and fact-checked by a member of MTL Blog's Editorial team. For more information on our use of AI, please visit our <a href="https://www.mtlblog.com/editorial-standards" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Editorial Standards page</a>.</em>
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